Course correction

Ukraine’s goals are clear: to restore full territorial integrity; to allow all displaced Ukrainian citizens — including the thousands of children kidnapped by Russia — to return; and to receive full compensation for the damage Russia has caused. By contrast, the US currently has no strategy to speak of. The Biden administration merely claims that it will support Ukraine “for as long as it takes,” whereas Harris’s Republican challenger, Donald Trump, promises to end the war in a day, implying complete capitulation to the Kremlin.

For Harris, the current impasse is an opportunity. Two-thirds of Americans are rooting for Ukraine’s victory, and she has already dealt extensively with Ukraine, having met President Volodymyr Zelensky six times and led the US delegation to the Ukraine Peace Summit in Switzerland in June. As US vice president, she has followed Biden’s lead; but as president, she could turn the war around and make Ukraine one of her big winning issues.

Doing so will require a comprehensive strategy backed by sufficient resources, all of which are already available in the form of frozen Russian assets. The Biden administration’s policy — presumably the work of National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan — is to defend Ukraine without provoking Vladimir Putin. Owing to irrational fears about nuclear attacks or World War III, the White House has created imaginary Russian red lines, thus offering Russia a sanctuary from Ukrainian attacks with Western arms. But given that Putin would not survive a nuclear war, he is exceedingly unlikely to go down that path.

Another fundamental shortcoming of the Biden policy is the lack of any clear goal. The goal should be to provide Ukraine with enough support to defeat Russia. Harris should appoint a national security adviser who is whole-heartedly committed to that objective. The Ukrainians are bravely fighting on their own. They are not calling for foreign troops; but they do need potent arms, the right to use them to target Russian bases, and sufficient funding from the West.

Ukraine received about €90 billion in 2023 — half of it military assistance, and the rest budget support and humanitarian aid — and is on track to receive around the same amount in 2024. While substantial, that is not enough to tip the balance. For an outright victory, Ukraine would probably need €135 billion per year, with a doubling of military support to €90 billion. That would equip it to win the war, which would then reduce future costs, not to mention Ukrainian suffering.

It is no secret where such funding can be found. The West has frozen $280 billion (€254 billion) in Russian reserves, two thirds of which are held in the private Euroclear system in Belgium. Moreover, the US Congress has sensibly passed legislation authorising the Department of the Treasury to seize frozen Russian assets, while demanding that the European Union do the same. But the EU has refused, owing mainly to opposition from France and Germany.

This European resistance makes no sense. With Russia violating international law on a daily basis, the Kremlin cannot credibly demand the protection of international law. Like the US, the EU needs to adopt legislation allowing for Russian funds to be seized and used to support Ukraine. Though only around $5 billion (€4.5 billion) has been located in the US, that money can be seized and delivered to Ukraine immediately to set an example for the Europeans. True, in June, the US persuaded other G7 members to lend Ukraine $50 billion (€45.3 billion) by drawing on the future yields from frozen Russian funds. That was a good start. But Ukraine needs the money as soon as possible to defeat Russia.

After Russia launched its full-scale invasion in February 2022, the US, the UK and Canada were Ukraine’s primary sources of military aid and training. During the war’s early months, they were understandably reluctant to furnish the Ukrainians with the most sophisticated arms, for fear that Russia would seize them. But these fears were alleviated by the summer of 2022. For two years now, the US could have been providing Ukraine with the weapons it needed to push the Russians back.

Very little will happen unless America leads. The US remains globally dominant in arms production and exports, whereas the Europeans have too few arms to change the balance in the war.

Finally, we come to the most absurd flaw in America’s Ukraine policy: the prohibition against using US-supplied weapons to hit Russian bases from which Ukraine is being attacked. This policy is not even in keeping with the right to self-defence enshrined in the UN Charter. It should be revoked immediately.

The war in Ukraine could be a boon for Harris, but she must correct Biden’s mistakes and provide the additional resources Ukraine needs to defeat Russia. By seizing Russian sovereign assets and persuading US allies to do the same, she can help Ukraine win without placing any additional budgetary burden on Americans.